The discovery of penicillin instantly removed all global anxiety regarding bacterial diseases.
: Large quantities of antibiotics are used in food-producing animals to prevent disease or promote growth, which leads to the emergence of resistant strains that enter the human food chain. Economic and Structural Barriers
Bacteria don't just pass resistance to their offspring; they can "swap" genes with other bacteria in a cyclical process. Selective Pressure: The discovery of penicillin instantly removed all global
The stakes are high. Estimates suggest that without new strategies, 10 million people
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, .Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B–G from the list of headings below. List of Headings i The agricultural contribution to superbugs ii Biological defense mechanisms of bacteria iii A historical revolution in healthcare iv The impending global economic and human cost v Solutions through a unified global framework vi The emergence of a critical contemporary threat vii The role of medical malpractice in hospitals viii Human behavioral factors accelerating resistance Example: Paragraph A -> iii Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E Paragraph F Paragraph G Questions 7–10 Selective Pressure: The stakes are high
Reference to the historic breakthrough that initiated the era of modern miracle medicine.
: Companies prefer investing in chronic condition treatments over antibiotics due to higher profit margins, or a more lucrative market. : Companies prefer investing in chronic condition treatments
The consequences of antibiotic resistance are already being felt worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant infections are responsible for an estimated 1.14 million deaths worldwide each year. According to a University of Leicester-led study published in The Lancet, over a third of hospital-acquired infections involve drug-resistant bacteria, with a pooled prevalence of 36.5%. Patients with resistant infections face a 58% higher adjusted risk of death compared to those with non-resistant infections.
Complete the summary below. Choose from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 7–10 on your answer sheet.